第五讲 如何做选择填空题
1、题型介绍
选择填空又称综合填空或完形测试，它是现在较为浒的一种英语测试型之一。
在国内其它的大规模英语考试中是一项必试项目。
选择填空或完形测试的理论依据是完形心理学。这种理论的看法觉得：大家在察看物体形状时，总是下意识地把不连贯的、窑的部分给补上，然后把它看成一个完整的形状。把这种理论应用到语言测试上，便出现了完形测试。这种考试试题设计程序为：命脉题职员第一选取一篇短文，然后每隔肯定数目的单词（一般为5-11个）有规律地去掉一个词，最后，让考生填出去掉的那些词，来测试他们的语言应用能力。
刚开始的这种完形测试办法是按固定比率来删词，后来又产生了几种新的变体。一种是删掉的词仅限于某一类语言现象，如动词、名词、介词等。如此原来隔固定词数删词的规范仅做参考；另一种是把综合填充和多项选择结合起来，考试试题设计者为每一个空白处提供3-5个选择先项，让考生从中挑选出唯一正确的答案。如此既可达到所期望的测试目的，又可保证评分的客观性。这种测试形式是现在国内使用的最常见的完形测试方法。英语等级考试C级试题中使用的就是这种题型。
选择填空的题目设计并不是拿一篇短文来随意地去掉几个词。设计者遵循必须要求和准则，以保证测试的效度和信度。第一，选文的头1、两句应是完整的，不去掉任何词，以帮助考生进入语境。第二，原文的长度一般在300词左右，太长或太短都不适合。为了达到测试目的，可以灵活学会隔多少个单词删去一个词，但大体上要遵循每隔肯定数目的单词去掉一个词这种原则。
2、选择填空的测试点
依据等级考试概要，选择填空一般用由一篇300词左右的短文组成。短文中留有20个空格，每一个空格为一题。大家还注意到，职称英语等级考试中删词的间隙较一般考试要大一些。如此，题目就相对容易了一些。这是由于破坏的信息量少了，所以恢复起来也就相对而言容易一些。通过对样题的剖析，大家发现，补删的词几乎涉及到所有词类，如动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、连词、短语等等。
3、选择填空的解题办法
表面上来年，选择填空就是需要考生把每一个句子中删掉的词给恢复出来。事实上，选择填空不只测试应试者在句子水平上运用语言的能力，它还测试应试者在语篇水平上综合运用语言的能力。由于，选择填空中的填空是与文章的上下文有紧密联系的，不是孤立的、不有关的。因此，要做好选择填空题，需要第一通读整篇文章，开清文章的大意和逻辑关系，依据空格所在句子的结构、语法、语篇等信息，通过逻辑揄、对比等方法最后确定答案。特别是运用语法常识、搭配和语篇常识来确定答案。
请看这篇短文，文中有20处空白，每一个空白处有4个选项。请依据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最好答案。
Television is the greatest communiction medium ever designed and operated by man. It sends into the human brain an -------- amount of opinions and information and ------- moral and artistic1 standards for all of us. Every minute of a television programme teaches us something. It is never a neutral . For example, how and when public issues ar ------- how they are treated by the television networks in entertainment -------- news and public affairs programmes.
What the American people think about governemnt and politics in -------, ad wwell as a favorite candidate in ------ , is largely influenced by ------- .
Unfortunately commercial television seldom ------- anything of value to our lives. Many Americans express a deep hostility2 television because they know most TV programmes are ------- poor quality and that sometimes these programmes are ever ------- .
The question is : how can television be improved? There are many thins are ordinary ------- can do. For example, he ----- complain to his local TV stations about offensive advertising4. He can ----- citiaens groups to urge local TV stations to ----- their programmes ----- , these groups should propose regular analysies of specific TV commercials and programmes by educators, doctors, etc. to ----- the influence of these programmes on children and adults. Television can be our most exciting medium if we just think about ----- to improve it.
36. A endless G ending C ended D end
37. A finds B absorbs C sets D mends
38. A consequence B influence C result D purpose
39. A talked B handled C watched D noticed
40. A over B in C above D on
41. A as well as B also C but D together
42. A all B short C general D name
43. A particular B special C instance D inpidual
44. A entertainment B news C programmes D television
45. A damages B contributes C hands D takes
46. A toward B in C on D over
47. A with B in C of D among
48. A serious B harmful C attractive D long
49. A reader B participant C listener D viewer
50. A can B does C should Dought to
51. A can B does C should D ought to
52. A call B gather C organize D make
53. A As a result B As a matter of fact C In contract DIn3 addition
54. A determine B refuse C involve D receive
55. A tracks B roads C easy D programmes
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